A pamaylo (pronoun in Hiligaynon) can replace a noun. We use a pamaylo to make our sentences less cumbersome and less repetitive. By the way, only Hiligaynon has the reflexive pronoun, amongst of course the Philippine languages.
akó, The first person singular of the personal pronoun: I. Sín-o ikáw?—Akó?—Hóo.—Akó amó si Edmond. Who are you?—I?—Yes—I am Edmond. Akó amó ang nagbúhat siní. I did it, I was the one who did it. Akó sing ákon or akóy ákon walâ sing lábut sinâ. I, for my part or as far as I am concerned, have nothing to do with that. Akó amó ang amó sa gihápon. I am He who is ever the same, ‘I am who am.’
ákon, My, mine; by or through me; sa ákon—me; to, on, upon, from, away from, towards, in, at, into me. Ang ákon kálò. My hat. Akon iní nga baláy. This house is mine, —belongs to me. Walâ siá paghigúgma sa ákon. He has no love for me, does not love me at all. Kon sa ákon lang walâ akó sing kabilinggan. As far as I am concerned I have nothing against it. Nagapalapít siá sa ákon. He is coming towards me, is approaching me. Sa dak-ú nga katístis ginhímò níya iní sa ákon. He did this to me very maliciously. Kútub sang paghalín níya dirí sa ákon túbtub nián walâ ko siá makítà. Since he went away from me until now I have not seen him. Sa ákon bántà índì na siá magbálik sa ákon. In my opinion he will not return to me any more. Kon kís-a dumángat sa ákon ang masubô nga panghunâhúna——. Now and then sad reflections come upon me——. (Synonym: nákon, ko; ímo, nímo, mo; íya, níya; ámon, námon; áton, náton, ta; ínyo, nínyo, íla, níla). NOTE WELL: The difference between the use of ‘ákon’ and ‘nákon, ko’ is as follows:
(1) in the meaning of a possessive pronoun ‘ákon’ is put before and ‘nákon, ko’ are put after the word they respectively qualify, e.g. Ang ákon idô. Ang idô nákon (ko). My dog. Ang ákon amáy tigúlang na. Ang amay nákon (ko) tigúlang na. My father is now old.
(2) in the meaning of a predicative adjective ‘ákon’ is always used and never ‘nákon’ or ‘ko.’ Akon iní nga pínggan or Iní nga pínggan ákon. This plate is mine, belongs to me. Dilì ákon iní nga páhò or Iní nga
páhò dílì ákon. This mango is not mine, does not belong to me.
(3) in the meaning of a personal pronoun with the preposition ‘sa,’ ‘ákon’ is used exclusively and never ‘nákon’ or ‘ko’ e.g. Ginhátag níya inâ sa ákon. He gave that to me. Nagsúmbag siá sa ákon. He hit (boxed) me.
(4) in the meaning of ‘by me, through me’ as a personal agent ‘ákon’ always stands before the verb and can only be used, if the verb is not negatived. Akon ginbúhat iní.
This was done by me. Sa waláy duhádúha ákon siá pagaduáwon. Of course, he will be visited by me i.e. I will pay him a visit. Indi balá matúod nga ákon siá nabayáran? Isn’t it true, that he was paid by me i.e. that I paid him? ‘Nákon’ and ‘ko,’ if employed in such sentences, take their place invariably after the verb: Ginbúhat ko (nákon) iní. Sa ualáy duhádúha pagaduáwon ko (nákon) siá. Dílì balá matúod nga nabayáran ko (nákon) siá? But if the verb is negatived ‘ákon’ cannot be used; ‘nákon’ or ‘ko’ must then be employed and be placed between the negative adverb and the verb: Walâ ko (nákon) pagbuháta iní. This was not done by me. Dílì ko (nákon) malipatán iní. I cannot forget it. Indì ko (nákon) malíngkang iníng bató, kay mabúg-at gid. I cannot move this stone, for it is very heavy. Indì pa nákon (índì ko pa) mapúyan ang bág-o ko nga baláy, kay walâ ko pa (ualâ pa nákon) pagbutangí sing mga galamitón nga kinahánglan. I cannot live in my new house yet, because I have not yet put in the necessary furniture. Walâ ko (nákon) siá pagagdahá kag índì man nákon (índì ko man) siá pagagdahón, kay maláin siá sing pamatásan. I neither invited him nor will I invite him, because he has vicious habits.
(5) in sentences where the verb is preceded by a quasi-auxiliary or by adverbs of time or place like ‘saráng, buót, diín, dirí, dirâ, sán-o pa, and all that.’ ‘nákon’ or ‘ko’ should be used before the verb, even if the latter is not negatived, e.g. Saráng ko mabúhat iní. I can do it. Buót ko ímnon iníng bino. I wish or like to drink this wine. Sán-o ko pa (sán-o pa nákon) mapatíndog ang bág-o nga baláy? When shall I be able to build the new house? Diín ko (nákon) makítà ang kwárta? Where can I find the money? The foregoing examples and rules are applicable to all personal and possessive pronouns, ‘ímo, íya, ámon, áton, ínyo, íla’ following ‘ákon’ and ‘nímo, mo, níya, námon, náton, ta, nínyo, níla’ following ‘nákon, ko.’
ka, ikáw, Personal pronoun, often used for ikáw—you (singular). Sín-o ka balá? Who are you? Diín ka makádto? Where are you going to? Ginbayáran ka na níya sang íya útang sa ímo? Has he paid you what he owed you?
ímo, Your, yours, thine (singular); by or through you, thee; sa ímo—you, thee; to, at, from, towards, and all that. you, thee. (Synonym: nímo, mo; ákon, and all that.).
kamó, You, the plural of ikáw. (Synonym: kamókámo, kamohánon).
ínyo, Of you (plural); your, yours.
kitá, We; including the person or persons spoken to. Kitá áton—or—kitá sing áton— or—kitáy áton—We for our part——As far as we are concerned——. Kitá nga tanán. All of us. Sa katapúsan kitá gid kag dílì silá ang nakadaúg sa kasábà. The upshot is that we, and not they, are the ones that have won the case (or lawsuit).
áton, Our, ours (including those addressed); sa áton—us; to—, from—, on—, at—, towards—, and all that.—us. (Synonym: náton, ta; ákon).
kamí, We, excluding the person addressed or spoken to.
ámon, Our, ours, excluding the person spoken to; of, by or through us; sa ámon—us, to, from, at, on, upon, and all that. us. (Synonym: námon, ákon).
siá, He, she, it. Siá amó ang nagbúhat sinâ. He (she, it) did that. Siá——siá——. Be it——or——. Whether——or——. Siá táo, siá sápat——. Be it man or beast. Siá ísdà, siá píspis. Whether fish or bird.
íya, Of him; his, her, hers, it, its.
íla, Their, theirs; by, through, and all that. them. Sa íla. Them, to them. Ila ginhímò iní. They did this. Ila inâ. That is theirs. That belongs to them. Ihátag mo iní sa íla. Give them this.
níla, Their, theirs; by or through them; silá níla, silá íla, or silá sing íla——. They on their part——.
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