Saturday, 30 April 2011

Black Butterflies

a poem by Roger B Rueda

In the fading light I saw
black butterflies
flitting about
in the garden.
Perhaps, they just
nipped in
to the garden
for nectar.
I watched
the little children
laugh,
roll, and tumble.
They stood up
on their legs
and tried to catch
the black butterflies
with their hands.
They ran
after the butterflies
in joy.
The butterflies
bent with wind
and tended
to drift,
their direction 
though they knew.
They looked
like a black twig,
a black leaf,
or a black rock.
I wanted
to leave the garden
to avoid
the black butterflies,
but before long,
an old woman
gave the children
a scolding
for spending
the afternoon
playing with
black butterflies
in the spooky garden.



Thursday, 21 April 2011

A Note on Some Incorrect English Usage

an essay by Roger B Rueda
 

The prominence of correct grammar usage is every so often lost in our ever more easygoing civilisation. Though it may seem like proper grammar is only important to English teachers, there are many good reasons best known to myself  why you should give yourself a little bit of grammar preparation, to make sure you are skilled at how to speak and write by the book. Here are a few reasons why correct grammar is essential.

It might help get you a career. We live in a time where the job market is all the time more competitive. With many more hopefuls contending for the same positions, job seekers need to work harder to make themselves stick out in the crowd. A person who knows how to speak and write well will have a clear advantage over someone whose grammar skills suck.

It makes you look brainier. The ability to speak and write properly makes a person give the impression of being more intelligent and better educated. Knowing the difference between that and which and that whom is becoming unusual, categorically signals a higher brains to others. 

It helps you get your point across. Sometimes a small grammatical error can change the whole meaning of a sentence. If you wish to be understood, it is indispensable to have a good working knowledge of English grammar rules.

It gives you trustworthiness. If you are writing a paper or speaking to someone about your area of expertise, but your speech is fraught with grammatical errors, it will make you appear ill-informed, even if you are, in fact, quite familiar.

Learning it is well with the determination. It can be thorny to understand all the rules, but just the once you know them you'll have them all along.

Here are some examples based on my powers of observation, and, if you have any question, you can write in:

A lot of Filipinos always refer to sounds as music, especially when it is listened through an ear phone. Is ignorance bliss?

Philippines is an adjective used when the noun it modifies has nothing to do with the culture or history or tradition or government of the Philippines, or when an entity is not owned by the government. Thus, we say Philippines massacres or Philippines news or Philippines TV or Philippines Free Press or Philippines Graphic (not Philippine Graphic) but former Philippine presidents or Philippine senator or Philippine National Police. We cannot use South Philippine University as name for a school because there is no such a place with such an official name. For one, South Philippines (or Central Philippines or North Philippines) is neither a place nor is considered a sovereign place or whatever. South Philippines has no government of its own, so such a name should be virtually germane or likely. Thus, it should be called South Philippines University.




We say Philippine food when we mean a style of food preparation originating from the Philippines. Filipino food means a fusion of eastern and western cuisine that mixes Chinese, European, American, Arab, and Asian culinary influences.

A campus of a university must use at to indicate a place where it is situated. Thus, we must say WVSU at La Paz or WVSU at Pototan or UPV at Miag-ao or UPV at Tacloban or UPV at Iloilo City or Iscof at Tiwi or Iscof at Dingle. But we must say UP Diliman or UP Manila or UP Cebu or UP Los Banos or UP Visayas (not UP in the Visayas) because, for one, these universities have got their autonomy from central government.














Western means in or from the west part of an area. West means the direction in which the sun goes down in the evening, opposite to the east, or the part of an area or country which is in this direction. So, I think, west is more appropriate and a more logical choice when we name a territory or a particular place. So it must be West Visayas and not Western Visayas. West Visayas sounds more definite in terms of direction and boundary. Our government must delineate the boundary of their territory in no uncertain terms. See, they have been unable to resolve the dispute over the Spratly Islands.

When we've got colleges in a college, it's a bit confusing! So I hope the Commission on Higher Education should remedy this mistake immediately. Imagine that in a state college of fisheries there are a college of education, a college of nautical studies, and another college of  fisheries. Doesn't this make the people at this school go a bit funny? 

Cope means to deal successfully with a difficult situation. So, what’s cope up? I think it is virtually non-existent. Something must be done to stop the use of cope up.

Don’t use already to say that you have finished doing something, even supposing it was completed past the original deadline. In Standard English, already is used only when something was completed ahead of schedule.

What’s boundary? Well, it is a real or imagined line that marks the edge or limit of something. Or, it is the limit of a subject or principle. Please don’t use boundary as an amount public transport drivers pay their operators daily. The fixed amount of money that you pay regularly for the use of a car or jeepney that someone else owns is called rent.

Calling card seems wrong to me.  I think business card is more proper. A call card, conversely, is a phone card.

Some British words, phrases, and usage have found their way into how Filipinos use English, as with the word course, which means the same way it's understood in the UK as the entire programme of studies required to complete a degree. Americans use the academic major for the complete programme, and use course to mean a unit of teaching for which academic credit is given. Your work might sometimes be good, but the problem is you're not consistent. It's either you write in British English in preference to American English, or vice versa. Writers have to choose between the two Englishes.

I think eat-all-you-can is incorrect.  All-you-can-eat, a type of buffet food service, is much better. Here, customers pay a fixed fee and can then help themselves to as much food as they wish to eat in a single meal. This form is found often in restaurants, especially in hotels.

Go ahead is so common amongst Filipinos to mean to leave in advance. I'll go ahead means I will leave now, earlier than you guys. I'll go ahead is a literal paraphrase of Mauna na ako, which means I'll leave you now more than I'll go before you now. I think it is hilarious.

A tomboy is a girl who acts and dresses like a boy, liking noisy, physical activities. A tomboy is almost always supposed to be a lesbian, though it may also refer to straight girls who act like boys. Tomboy is not often used, if ever, for feminine-looking lesbians.

We accept is frequently seen on business cards, posters, and fliers. The phrase we accept is used to denote what orders or requirements the business can accommodate. American businesses would use the phrase we do, as in we do typing instead of we accept typing.

Simple is frequently used in lieu of unpretentious or modest. Well, simple means easy to understand or do or not difficult. It is very helpful for an English teacher to have good choice of words.

Hollow blocks is the commonly acknowledged phrase in the whole country for cement blocks. These days, however, it is considered not quite proper for writers to be discovered using non-standard terms.

Gay bar refers to a gay strip club and scalawag as a rascal police or military man. A scalawag is someone, especially a child, who has behaved badly but who is still liked.

I think chain link fence is more appropriate than cyclone wire fence.

Where do you stay? is not the same as Where do you live? Be careful with this.

Filipinos say I'm from WVSU (or any other university). In Standard English such a statement is recognised to mean that the speaker is presently enrolled at or is in work at that university. The corresponding expression in American English is I graduated from (or went to) WVSU. In British English, it is I studied at (or was at) WVSU.

I used to do exercise daily must be I used to take exercise daily. He drives his bike so fast must be He rides his bike so fast. What's the time in your watch? must be What's the time by your watch? I'm afraid you are not attending to what I'm saying.

Thanks a bunch is used to show you are annoyed when someone has done something you are unhappy about or has failed to help you in some way. Thanks a bunch for supporting me (= You did not support me).

My wife delivered a healthy boy must be My wife was delivered of a healthy boy. It's easy to confuse these sentences. So, you need to take a bit more care with your structure.

Over 100 males participated in the marathon must be More than 100 males participated in the marathon. The particle over is used for describing a physical position.

Mass communication is the process of transferring or transmitting a message to a large group of people. Usually, this requires the use of some form of the media such as newspapers, TV, and the Internet. It was coined in the twenties, with the arrival of nationwide radio networks, newspapers, and magazines which were circulated amongst the masses.  Mass communications, however, is used to describe the academic study of the ways people and groups relay messages to a big audience.So, I think, mass communication was quite popular for a while, but now it's rather passé. It was ages ago and things have changed since then. College of mass communication must be renamed college of mass communications. Mass communicators must keep themselves up-to-date.

What is the right term to use, birthday celebrant or birthday celebrator? Whatever you favour would likely be OK.

Enrollment is the American English spelling of enrolment. Well, it's important to show some consistency in our English.

By practicing language rules, any person able to read will be able to master English grammar. 




Have your shout and murmur at inkslinger215@live.com. 






By the way, APPLE Grammar, my book,  is still available! You can order it directly from me here. Or you can text me at 09068541933. Your order will be expressed to you through LBC within 24 hours. Many thanks.

Title: APPLE Grammar
Author: Roger B Rueda
Price: Php1000
ISBN: 978-971-691-990-5
Publisher: CentralBooks
Location: Quezon City 



Sunday, 17 April 2011

The Death of Sonia Posen

a short story by Roger B Rueda

Bang! Bang! Bang!

The woman was dead as the audience, shocked into doing nothing, were looking at the man pointing a gun at the victims.  The news of the accident knocked her family for six deeply.

***

Over a thousand mourners attended the funeral procession. A swarm of journalists followed her car. Her family mourned her death for two years. Speculation about why she hugged the real target was rife.  She was a fashion designer whose inner life had remained mysterious, despite the many interviews she had given.

The fashion empire remained open while transitions were carried out.

***

Caniogan, yes, it is. The once so dreary countryside is now burgeoning with shops, and the streets are lined with enormous mansions where the rich and famous live. A lot has changed since William left and put Caniogan out of his mind - a place of his early days where sugarcane whose tall thick stems and leaves would put their nipah hut out of sight from being noticed from the street. The reasons he left were more complicated. William knew he was gay by the time he was fourteen, and, at fifteen, he needed to flee from here in tears as his father, battering him nearly to death with a bough, didn’t want him to grow gay, even effeminate, as he'd got a very effeminate manner and voice. His mother seemed so very meek and mild. His brothers were against his taking action like a gay. He had already found his father and brothers domineering. So, the best thing he should do was to run off the mountains or somewhere away from them. He finally reached the coast after a night walking. There, he sat on a bench in a shade of a mangrove tree on a corner and observed the passengers heading for Bacolod.

Sonia, bringing William to mind, sat in the shade of a tree, sipping tea and eating oatmeal cookies, her bonsai coconut trees, hundreds of them, and her hermit crabs listening to her litanies. She cried bitter tears when she looked at the sky.

The once-empty site is now covered with a beautiful house. Passersby have always held Sonia’s house in awe.

It is surrounded by fire trees, so it's not overlooked at all, but it’s the most beautiful place in Caniogan. She has complained about the noise from some of her neighbours’ party though she has always been very friendly towards them. Her house’s facade is kept looking clean and serene, fresh paint applied routinely. It is symmetrical with proportionately decreasing size windows on the second and third stories, giving the structure the illusion of greater size. The rear facade is dominated by a three storey full length porch and a five storey elliptical tower. The integrity of her house is excellent.

Every day, she has to fetch her two adopted daughters from school, which is a half-hour drive away. She left London a month after her husband passed away. Her husband and she established a clothes retailing business in the city centre. When he, her husband's name is Jay, died, he bequeathed most of his properties in the centre of Manila to Sonia. Now, she is one of the richest women in Caniogan. She has several houses in Manila and one in the country, in Caniogan, and a flat in Makati.

When she is not around Caniogan, she is on holiday.

***

While Sonia was driving her adopted daughter to school, a bicycle turned the corner too quickly, and her car sideswiped the bicycle coming towards it. The old man fell and injured his head.

Sonia got out of her car and rescued the old man who hurt his head and back when he fell off his bicycle.

‘Tell me where it hurts,’ asked Sonia, speaking worriedly. Her daughters ran towards her and they carried the injured man to the car. He had to be rushed to casualty.

Sonia rang in to say she'd be back home the next day and that her home help had to bring her some dinner for her and her daughters. She was monitoring his condition if it was improving.

She looked at his face and cried for joy when, after a long while, she saw him recover from his head operation. He gave her a smile.

The doctor told him that he should rest for a few days.

Sonia then left after verifying the old man, Meliton, was OK. ‘Here, let me give you my business card. I am Sonia Posen. You can ring me anytime lest you need my help.’ She then hugged the old man snugly to her chest. ‘Take care!’

After a month and a half of staying in hospital, he was taken home by her.

Meliton cried and thanked him for taking him home. ‘This is my house.’

Sonia nodded, looking at the old picture frame of their family. William was the youngest person in the family. She looked at all the rubbish on the floor.  She suddenly remembered William once more. Her thought of William reduced her to tears.

In the photographs, William had a dark complexion. He was quite short but his Grade Four classmates were very tall. He was as ugly as sin. He'd got short dark hair. He had a big smile on his face.

She remembered him.

***
William would carry a multicolour screen bag in which his Panda ballpoint and some notebooks were kept when he went to school.

‘Negro,’ greeted by his classmates. He was offended by being teased about his complexion, but, later, he was used to hearing it until it became his sobriquet.

‘What?’ he then replied.

‘Nothing. You’re so ugly!’ then all his classmates burst out laughing.

‘I’ll exact my revenge on you all for teasing me, someday.’ He then would run away and start to run and begin to walk a mile away from them.

Perhaps, being dark was natural to him as he would walk miles on a scorching summer day. He ambled down the pathway, stopping occasionally to look in the gardens of vegetables. He would go to the fishpond farm where his father worked to catch some milkfish or tilapia or any fish available in the stream besides the fishponds. He, only all of ten, and his father would pick the telescope shells clean from the edges of the dikes even those shells were too heavy for him to carry. If he didn't want to walk home at that time of night, he would sleep over in the small nipah hut where his father stayed at night.

Sometimes, William would look at men at work as they all were just wearing briefs. He loved looking at them. He wasn’t able to explain his feeling.

***

In those early months, there was a very close bond between Sonia and Meliton. She liked lending him anything, from money to cars.

She would call round every afternoon to cook food for him. She was also trying to train him to do the occasional bit of housework.

She taught him English and introduced him to her friends in Manila.

The old man couldn’t believe his luck, and how kind Sonia was.

When local government elections took place, Sonia persuaded him into running as head of barangay.

Luckily, he won the hearts of the barangay. And since then Sonia backed him and all his projects.

Caniogan became the talk of the town.

***

‘Agi,’ a boy more or less all of six called out to William. He was gnashing his teeth because of what he heard. William didn’t want somebody to call him agi or gay. His family despised a gay and William wanted to stay away from it. He didn’t want to make any of his brothers nor his cousins ashamed of him.

William’s family was poor. His father was just a fishpond custodian. His mother worked on the farm whenever there was a bumper rice harvest in their place. That neighbourhood seemed to be just right for poor families like of William. There was a rural university a walk away from their nipah hut. And so making a living here wasn’t so hard for his family. At least they could have three decent meals a day. But never did his parents think of sending any of William’s siblings to the university. They were content to be what they were, or maybe they didn’t know what they could do to get their life better. All the children could only go up to high school. His siblings would sell shrimps or tilapia or milkfish or sea bass – whatever was there. When there was not any, they would sometimes vend telescope shell. They would sort out a bushel of their father’s catch on the rice winnower made of bamboo wood. Then they would buy a kilo of rice, some refined sugar, Nescafe, and noodles for their family.

Every so often, when they had nothing to eat rice with, some of his siblings would decant hot Nescafe into the bowl and then put in rice into it. Or, habitually, they would have it with refined sugar. But never did they think how poor they were. To them their situation was a lot better than of other villagers. Never did they look at the situation of the professors nor of the workers of the nearby university. To them, they are exceptions or advantaged people. His brother worked as junior carpenters.

At school, William was gay. His classmates knew he was. He would portray himself at home as a real man, but not at school. Here, he was quite open about it. He was always in fancy dress whenever they had a school play. His cousin would savagely beat him if he took action like a gay. But when he was all of fifteen he got very intrepid. He became blustering. Only his father could try to discipline him not to be a gay. But he failed to heed warnings about it. Until one day when he was taking part in a beauty pageant close to their house, his father, blind drunk, dragged him behind him, the crowd looking at them, his dress torn on the asphalt ground. Then his father took a bough and hit him savagely. He was shouting at him to put the bough down, begging for pity as it fell on him. His arm was bleeding. His shoes were thrown over the back of the crowd cordon.

‘I’m your son, Tatay!’
‘No, I don’t have a gay son. I’m ashamed of you! Go away from here.’
William didn’t say anything. He ran away in fright. He didn’t know where to go. In the end, he decided to head off.

***

Young and inexperienced, William had been struggling to get free of his situation. He would go from city to city to escape the grinding poverty of his life. He had a strong wish to have money and hated to spend it. Finally, William got a job in Cebu City. He was a beautician there. He’d been saving his money every week. He had to go to college for a lot of years as he wanted to be a fashion designer.

He attempted to visit his family, when her mother was in hospital. He really missed his mother so much. His mother was so kind and the only one in their family who understood him. If there was one he wanted to see it was his mother. Of course, he loved his family no matter how they disregarded him.

When he got to Caniogan, he immediately went into their house. He was meaning to kiss his mother when his father came and gave him a punch on the face. He was taken aback, he didn’t expect that his father still hated him. He took his bag and walked out.

‘Don’t ever come here again,’ screamed his father. ‘I don’t have a gay son! William’s been dead for five years now.’

William cried hard. He promised not to visit his family anymore. Even when he heard that his mother died in her sleep as she was not at her best. He wanted to see her wake, but she chose not to. He would just have a flying visit to her grave on every occasion he had time.

***

After a year, William met someone in a chat room. He never expected that the woman would like him. The woman visited him after a month and they met in Cebu. The woman is Sonia Posen. She would spend all evening chatting him up and buying him drinks. They were dating for five months before they became a couple. There had been no news of them since they left for Manila.

Sonia was a well-heeled socialite. It was she who taught William a lot of things in life. He was the one who taught him how to be a good entrepreneur. It was Sonia, too, who introduced him to a lot of Manila big shots. That was the reason why William became eminent after years as a petty couturier in a small street in Makati. In a while, of course, he got a considerable standing of being the finest designer in the whole of the Philippines. He got a lot of celebrity patrons. He was famous for his long gowns. He had a fabulous collection. Several of his gowns came as sets with matching robes. There were eye-catching gowns with sheer lace insets and more traditional long gowns with matching robes. Patrons loved choosing from his beautiful selection of colours to highlight their best features. They would feel like a princess in a lot of his captivating styles.

William Piosca had become a fashion icon as he reflected society’s sensibilities through his clothing design. He had to know just about everything that’d been done before so that he could recognise it when it would become popular again. He was involved in every phase of designing, showing, and producing all types of clothing, from bathing suits to evening gowns. His day included reading current fashion magazines, newspapers, and other media that reflected current trends and tastes. He looked at materials, attended fashion shows, and worked with other designers on projects. He communicated his philosophy, vision, and capabilities clearly and carefully through sketches, discussions, and, occasionally, samples. No matter what his personal style was, he produced a creative, exciting, and gainful product line.

He had an open, creative mind, and was able to see something beautiful or useful in everything. He was approachable, and well travelled, so he was good at creating his own sense of style.

Sonia and William have broken up. William later met his boyfriend at a fashion show. But Sonia  and William remained good friends.

***

William’s father, Meliton, was an angry, hard-swearing, tattooed man’s man. By the time William came along, he was a fisherman, drinking himself to death in the evening. When he was two he got drunk and threw his empty crib across the bedroom. When he was all of twelve, he challenged his brother to a fist fight. He routinely shouted at them in front of their friends. By the time he was all of thirteen, he wished he would die.

Four decades on, he’s forgiven himself for hating him.

To his surprise, as he became kinder to himself, he formed a more rounded picture of his father. His anger had its reasons.

Humiliated, Meliton ran away from home. He was a man with a Grade Two education, reduced to knocking on doors and imploring businessmen to buy his shrimps and milkfish.

But his father’s biggest problem was that he never got in touch with his own pain, never learned how to process his feelings. Like many men, he believed the lie that ‘Men don’t cry,’ so he refused to seek out friends and instead turned his pain into anger.

The anger kept shameful sorrow at bay.

This was the father he hated. But a hilarious thing happened after he forgave him. A different father returned from the shadows, borne by a flood of reminiscence. He found himself recalling the times when he didn’t drink:

It was evening at the beach. He was five, and his father was still young and strong. Although he couldn’t swim, he had wandered down to the sea after dinner and paddled a small boat out to the middle of the water. He lay back in the boat, gazing at the mountain that loomed above on the other side of the island.

Suddenly he slipped through the middle of the boat, and he was in the water, struggling. He sank into the dark water. As he resurfaced, he could see his father running down the beach, tearing off his slippers and plunging mightily into the sea. Then he was under again, swallowing cold water, sinking into blackness.

Then he felt himself being pushed powerfully to the surface, as his father rose like a merman below him. He gasped the air, and was saved.

But his father had swallowed water, too, and began to cough and struggle himself. ‘Tatay!’ he cried in a panic. He sank below him, and he again fell back into the black waters, gulping and sputtering, stepping on his head. As they sank, the murky yellow light of the world receded into darkness, with no sound but his thundering heartbeat.

William felt his hands grip his calves and place his feet firmly on his shoulders. Then, as in the game they’d often played, he drifted down and bounced back up from the sea, thrusting him to the surface. And then his tattooed arm was around his chest, towing him to safety. Keeping his face above the water, Meliton coughed, then murmured, ‘It’s OK, Yam. It’s OK.’

Finally they staggered on to the sandy beach. As he stood gasping, shivering and crying, his father hugged him to his heaving chest. Then he went to the trailer to get a towel and wrapped it around William.

In a while, as his father heated hot cocoa powder on the stove he did the unusual - he sat him on his lap. After a while, he turned the boxing match on the radio, and they sipped hot chocolate while the sun sank behind the village.

At the end of his life, he thought his father, like him, had forgotten that day. He forgot his kindness. He wished that, when he ruminated on his failures, he had been able to remember the good things. He wished that, when he thought of his years of his disparaging anger, that he had been able to recall that day at the beach. Most of all, he wished he’d had a kind father to remind him of the good things about himself - his sense of humour, his charm, his ability to spin a story for a crowd, his compassion for the unfortunate, his intelligence, his ability to make a day’s outing with a young boy into an exciting adventure.

William wished someone had told him that he did not have to be a man of steel, that it was OK to be sad. He wished he had understood that he was no different from any of them, a mixture of good and bad. He wished he had realised that he could be forgiven, and that he could forgive. The fact was, he didn’t have to die alone in the country of resentment. There was room for him in the country of love.

***

Nowadays, Sonia Posen is something of an institution. She has written books, decorated TV studios, sung a duet with Martin Nievera and even has an orchid named after her. And the accolades keep on coming. Now in her fifties, the grande dame of Manila fashion shows no signs of giving up.

The principal features of Posen’s style are unusual colours and fabrics that people normally aren't used to see. Posen manages to make her accessory the ideal exclamation point – playing with bright colours and queer.

***

The barangay officials invited Sonia to be one of the judges as there was a beauty pageant to be held in honour of the gays in their barangay. She was so excited to attend it. She missed it already since she was a pageant fanatic when she was young.

She sponsored the pageant for Php 1, 000, 000, so the barangay officials wore the name Sonia Posen on their shirts. Her paparazzi covered the pageant for national televisions.

While Sonia and he were meaning to crown the winner, Meliton was shot two times in the arm at the ceremony. Sonia hugged him tightly to her chest as swiftly as she could.

Bang! Bang! Bang!

Sonia Posen looked dead as the people looked at the man pointing a gun at her. They had to be rushed to casualty.

The police responded to it in just a few minutes.

In hospital, Meliton volunteered all the details of what happened, but the perpetrator was nowhere to be found.

***

In 2010, Sonia Posen being an AIDS patient lending her time and care in an effort to breathe life into people from lack of knowledge and lack of concern, and, worse, hatred, appeared on TV.  She uplifted those afflicted by enlightening them on the reality that is HIV/AIDS. She had stories to tell, and she wanted people to read and learn.

‘Thank you, William! I will miss you,’ said Sonia Posen on a national TV.

Meliton watched her with a surprised expression on his face. Sonia is alive. She didn’t die.


***

The next week, Sonia Posen was really back. In his room, Meliton was crying bitter tears when he got the letter. He was shaking like a jelly before it.  He hesitated slightly before opening it.

Dear Meliton,

I am the real Sonia Posen. William’s the only one who was able to impersonate me completely. And I thank him for that. When my company and his became one, many things happened. Her boyfriend was killed in their room. The police suspected foul play, and so did his boyfriend’s parents.

William ran away. Police issued a photograph of him. He wanted to commit suicide. He was wondering where to go or what to do and I suggested that he should stay in my house in Caniogan. His impersonation of me wasn't planned, it was completely accidental.

When I’d been a bit down, and away, I was substituted for him in the last five years. That was because I was diagnosed as having AIDS.  I struggled on, drawing my strength from his courage. I left the house by the back door and went to the US secretly because my disease didn't generally respond to treatment in the Philippines.

William’s death was the worst piece of news I'd heard for a long time!  It was sad to know his death that time. But now I feel it is time to move on.

Take care.

***

In newspapers, Sonia Posen company is re-launched as The House of Sonia Posen and William Piosca, Inc. as shareholders have voted on the proposed re-naming of the company. They have expanded their retail operations in almost all cities. A dividend is sent to Meliton every year.

Saturday, 9 April 2011

American and British English: Variations in Grammar

an essay by Roger B Rueda

English is not monotonous, it has variety (i.e., being American and British) but is very comparable that most American and British speakers can recognise each other without great intricacy, bar in the Philippines where most Filipinos join them together (and remain blissfully ignorant of the troubles that lay ahead). There are, so far, some differences of syntax, expressions, and spelling. The following guide is intended to make the most important dissimilarities between American English (AmE) and British English (BrE) known.

USE OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

The British employ the present perfect to talk about a past action which has a result on the present moment. The simple past and present perfect, in AmE, are equally possible in such situations.

I have lost my ballpoint. Can you borrow me yours? (BrE)
I lost my ballpoint. or I have lost my ballpoint. (AmE)
She has gone to the cinema. (BrE)
She went to the cinema. or She has gone to the cinema. (AmE)

Other differences take account of the use of already, just, and yet. The British use the present perfect with these adverbs of imprecise time. In AmE, the simple past and present perfect are together likely.

Martin has just gone to the cinema. (BrE)
Martin just went to the cinema. or Martin has just gone to the cinema. (AmE)
I have already seen this film. (BrE)
I have already seen this movie. or I already saw this movie. (AmE)
Katrina hasn't come yet. (BrE)
Katrina hasn't come yet. or Katrina didn't come yet. (AmE)

POSSESSION

The British on the whole use have got to demonstrate ownership. In AmE, have (in the structure do you have) and have got are equally possible.

Have you got a house in Iloilo City? (BrE)
Do you have a house in Iloilo City? or Have you got a house in Iloilo City? (AmE)

USE OF THE VERB GET 

In BrE, the past participle of get is got. In AmE, the past participle of get is gotten, but when have got means have.

They have got an award. (BrE)
They have gotten an award. (AmE)
Marie has got two babies. (BrE)
Marie has got two babies. (=Marie has two babies.) (AmE)

USE OF THE AUXILIARY VERB WILL/SHALL 

In BrE, it is reasonably common to use shall with the first person to talk about the future. Americans hardly ever use shall.

If you do that one more time, I shall/will be very cross. (BrE)
If you do that one more time, I will be very cross. (AmE)

In offers, the British use shall. Americans use should.

‘I'm cold.’ ‘Shall I close this window?’ (BrE)
‘I'm cold.’ ‘Should I close this window?’ (AmE)

USE OF THE VERB NEED 

In BrE, needn't and don't need to are both possible. Americans on average use don't need to.

You needn't come until later. or You don't need to come until later. (BrE)
You don't need to come until later. (AmE)

USE OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE

In AmE, it is predominantly common to use subjunctive after words like essential, vital, important, suggest, insist, demand, recommend, ask, advice etc. (Subjunctive is a special kind of present tense which has no -s in the third person singular. It is frequently used in that clauses after words which convey the thought that something is essential or advantageous.)

In BrE, the subjunctive is formal and extraordinary. British people on the whole use should + infinitive or ordinary present and past tenses.

It is essential that every worker get an chance to be trained. (AmE)
It is essential that every worker gets an chance to be trained. (BrE)
It is important that he be notified. (AmE)
It is important that he should be notified. (BrE)
My co-worker suggested that I see an expert. (AmE)
My co-worker suggested that I should see an expert. (BrE)
My sister insisted that I go with her. (AmE)
My sister insisted that I should go with her. (BrE)

COLLECTIVE NOUNS

Collective nouns like family, government, jury, team, etc., can take both singular and plural verbs in BrE. In AmE, they by and large take a singular verb.

The board meets/meet next week. (BrE)
The board meets next week. (AmE)
The team is/are going to lose. (BrE)
The team is going to lose. (AmE)

AUXILIARY VERB + DO

In BrE, it is common to use do as a substitute verb after an auxiliary verb. Americans do not in general use do after an auxiliary verb.

May I have a look at your manuscript? You may (do) (BrE)
You may. (AmE)
'Have you finished your assignments?' 'I have (done).' (BrE)
'I have.' (AmE)

AS IF/ LIKE

In AmE, it is common to use like instead of as if/ as though. This is not correct in BrE.

He talks as if he knew poetry. (BrE)
He talks like/as if he knew poetry. (AmE)

In AmE, it is also common to use were instead of was in unreal comparisons.

He talks as if he was not guilty. (BrE)
He talks as if he were not guilty. (AmE)

THE INDEFINITE PRONOUN ONE

Americans more often than not use he/she, him/her, his/her to refer back to one. In BrE, one is used all through the sentence.

One must love one's alma mater. (BrE)
One must love his/her alma mater. (AmE)

MID POSITION ADVERBS

In AmE, mid position adverbs are placed before auxiliary verbs and other verbs. In BrE, they are placed after auxiliary verbs and before other verbs.

I will probably be home by midnight. (BrE)
I probably will be home by midnight. (AmE)
We do seldom receive any apology when mistakes are made. (BrE)
We seldom do receive any apology when mistakes are made. (AmE)

PREPOSITIONS

There are also not many differences in preposition use.

on the weekend (AmE)
at the weekend (BrE)

on a team (AmE)
in a team (BrE)

Please write me soon. (AmE)
Please write to me soon. (BrE)

Your grammar may sometimes be good, but the problem is you’re not consistent.  It's important to show some consistency in your work, accordingly.



Friday, 8 April 2011

After a Frugal Lunch

a poem by Roger B Rueda

I lay on a mossy passage at the foot of a tree
thinking how hard it would be to find
in any quarter of the earth
a place more fair and fragrant
than this hidden spot in Iloilo.
The perfume of the wild flowers
of the field is
more sweet
and subtle than the heavy scent
of garden blossoms.
No field could give
a fragrance half so magical
as the fairy odour
of these meadows,
soft carpeted with green
of glossy grass over.
Nor are there any birds more
lovely
in colour than the birds proudly
showing their
gold and lime, ginger and black,
blue and white
against the dark background
of bushes.
But how seldom I put a cup
of pleasure without a dash of bitters.




Thursday, 7 April 2011

So long

a poem by Roger B Rueda

as we pollute the air as litterers we are,
great drinkers of San Miguel beer
or Coke or Starbucks, listening
to Lady Gaga or Bruno Mars,
time with its subtle forms,
clocks on walls ticking,
calendars on the desk,
watches fidgeted by students
or workers hurrying, seems to have
healing hands, wounds healing,
and when distance doesn’t have
far options which we can choose,
we, like water, easily contour
each crevice and each form we were,
once, familiar with.
Then the pain is over.
We’ll realise after that it’s
the memory, like a knife, that
refreshes the pain as it cuts
the wound about to heal
over and again.
Only then can we feel the real
disappearing of anguish or abhorrence
shrouding our heart, our sentiment flying.

Wednesday, 6 April 2011

In Tiwi

a poem by Roger B Rueda

The tilapia were biting well, and with my rising
appetite they came more and more
frequently, until we had a basketful.
Then we had to stop by the river
to prepare them for the pan, so
it was almost dark when we
treaded our way back through
the blades of sugarcanes
to our little nipah shed.
But we soon built the fire
and made things
look more jovial.
How good the tilapia looked as they
sizzled away over the glowing fire,
and they tasted even better, eaten
right out of the same pan
they were cooked in.
That was one of the best suppers
I ever recall eating, and
surely half the pleasure came
from the friendship of you
who shared and symphatised
with my thought
and entered into my fun with the spirits of a boy.

Tuesday, 5 April 2011

At the Sugarcane Field

a poem by Roger B Rueda


I thought the sugarcane field was not friendly

to luxury. It had no fruit more
luscious to melt upon the lips
and fill the mouth with sweetness.
But nature gave me her
silent answer.
Caracadenas nodding on
their long stems, hung
over my face.
It was an invitation to taste
and enjoy their goodness.
The berries were round
and yellow ones of the meadow.
Each as it touched my lips
was a drop of nectar
and a crumb of ambrosia,
a concentrated essence of all
the pungent sweetness of the field,
palatable, penetrating, delicious.
I tasted the odour of hundred
blossoms and the green shimmering
of the innumerable leaves
and the sparkle of the sifted
sunbeams and the breath of breezes
and the song of many birds, all in a caracadena.


Monday, 4 April 2011

Key

a poem by Roger B Rueda

A gallery of great paintings adorns your house,
and every year you put in
a new treasure to your collection.
You know how much they cost you,
and you keep track
of the quotations
at the auction sales,
congratulating yourself
as the price of the works
of your carefully selected artists
rises in the scale and
the value of your art treasures
is enhanced. You call them yours.
No, you are only their keeper.
You keep them well-varnished
and framed in gilt,
but have you passed
through the gilded frames
into the world of beauty
that lies behind
the painted canvas? You know
nothing of those lovely places
or images
from which the artists’ souls
and hands have drawn
their inspirations.
They are closed and barred to you.
You have bought the pictures,
but you  cannot buy the key,
an amorphous and impalpable mass of key.

Sunday, 3 April 2011

Plazoleta Gay

a short story by Roger B Rueda

It was dark by the time Thutmose arrived in Iloilo City. The place looked strangely familiar, though he knew he'd never been here before.

The lights from the flashing neon hoardings of Jollibee and Jockey underwear lit up the dim blocks of buildings with blinking washes of red and yellow and white. A brief scatter of sooty raindrops fell from the clouds scudding across the sky. Late night passers-by stepped aside to avoid the dark caverns of doorways which were at that hour already home to the poor without a roof over their head.

Thutmose sniffed the air identifying the individual delightful smells - hotdogs, peanuts, siomai, siopao, balut, hot pandesal, and batchoy - air that had been breathed in and out, used air, sleepy air. But it was Plazoleta Gay air and for August it was quite mild. Then one individual smell caught him and he stiffened in eagerness. So many times over the centuries, so common, so far always arousing as if it was the first time.

He saw the young man by the light of the streetlights coming towards him. Thutmose looked intently, taking in the thin, pale face, the black eyes under the curved eyebrows, eyes which showed so much grief. The young man looked and, seeing that intense, personal stare, nodded, assuming that he knew him, that he was a friend who he must acknowledge. They passed in the night without an exchange of words.
























In that one ardent look, Thutmose learned all there was to know about the young man - by himself and feeling alone, eaten up by an unhappy craving, weak, and unsure of himself. An evident chased, though for a moment Thutmose, who recognised how he himself needed the young man as much as he was needed, wondered which of the two was really the chased, which the beast of prey.

Thutmose turned to look after him. He had recognised only too easily the yearning in the young man's eyes, a yearning which could only be satisfied with one thing. Now he watched the young man's back as he walked in another direction, his body slim and elegant, his buttocks moving easily, flexibly with the cloth of his jeans, his shoulders, broad, his waist, narrow; he looked like Jericho Rosales. Then he followed him, keeping to the night, avoiding the bright lights of the city which upset his eyes, keeping as far as possible to the shadows that lay like dark pools between the orange, sodium streetlights.

The young man reached the entrance of his house, felt in his pockets for the key, inserted it, turned it, and pushed open the door whose lintel looked superannuated and lites undusted. Its muntin and lock rails formed like a cross. As he did so a figure emerged from the shadows at his side and he started at the sudden appearance. But Thutmose smiled softly, his teeth showing white from the shadows.

‘Good evening,’ said Thutmose, and his voice was husky and enticing, and so placid so that it drove out the alarm brought on by his unexpected emergence from the shadows. ‘I think we know each other though I have forgotten your name.’

The young man looked vague, edgy that he might be snubbing someone he had met before.

‘Thutmose.’ he said, ‘Surely you remember. My name is Thutmose. Not an easy name to blow, is it even if you forget a face?’

The young man nodded suspiciously, blushing a little as if he had made a false move. ‘Obviously,’ he said, ‘and I am Ramon. My friends call me Ram,’ he added irrelevantly. ‘Tell me, where was it that we met?’

‘Ah yes. Ram! I remember now,’ he said, ‘but cannot we go in?’ The night is cheerful and as he spoke a cool wind seemed to spring up out of nowhere almost as if the stranger had conjured it, so that Ram shivered, his thin cotton top suddenly not fitting for the unseasonable weather conditions.

‘Yes, yes,’ he said opening the door. ‘Please come in. Perhaps you'd like a glass of wine to keep out the cold.’

He led the way into his walk-up. Soft lights lit up the room. There were rugs on the polished wood floor. They had borders in which large rosettes are flanked by diagonal bars, while the fields were dark blue and covered with small, repeating geometric figures. A large sofa with overstuffed seat, short armrests, and cylindrical legs was against one wall and a bookcase against another. The books showed Ram’s interest in things ghostlike. Facing the window hung a fairy on swing wind chime, which sounded wonderful when a gentle breeze hit it, producing a musical if slightly jarring dingdong.

Quickly Ram pulled the window shut - though did he but know it, it was already too late to keep the terrors of the night at bay.

In one corner of the room were an incense burner and the fragrant smell of joss hung in the air. Set in the wooden door of the closet was a mirror whose image made the room look larger than it really was. Several pictures of cloaked beings, dark against an only slightly less sombre background, hung on the walls.

‘I'll get the booze,’ said Ram. ‘Wait, I'll open a bottle.’ He turned to a cupboard and took a bottle, two glasses and an opener. ‘I have blood stew here,’ he opened a plastic bag from Dapli restaurant in Valeria Street.

Thutmose inspected the pictures, observing the cloaked figures, their pale handsome faces, their yearning, questing eyes. He noticed the hardcovers in the bookcase. ‘You are intrigued by aswangs,’ he said, as if he had suddenly discovered what the young man really wanted. But it was more of a statement than a question.

The phellem went off.

‘It is a particular fervour of mine,’ said Ram. ‘It is almost a mania.’ He paused for a moment as if he were somewhat abashed and looked at Thutmose, ‘Do these critters really live? I mean - outside the mind's eye.’ His eyes were bright with a strange disgruntled desire.

‘I feel absolutely sure of it.’

‘It is my wish to see one.’ He brought the glasses and bottle over to a small wooden table, the top inlaid with a marquetry design, gestured to the stranger to sit down on the sofa and poured a measure of purple wine into one of the glasses. The smells of dried fruit and balmy evening filled the air. He picked up the other glass and started to pour.

‘Why?’ demanded Thutmose loudly, almost as if the question was forced out of him, and his sudden query made Ram jump so that the wine was spilled over his other hand, the one holding the glass. Ram muttered a curse under his breath and turned to look for a cloth to wipe himself but before he could move away, Thutmose had seized the hand, raised it to his lips and was lapping at the spilled wine from his skin. Startled at the strange action, Ram tried to draw his hand away. What did this man think he was doing? But the warmth of the tongue on his flesh was strangely comforting and he let his hand lie there, a passive victim, until the wine was gone.

‘Why would you want to meet an aswang?’ asked Thutmose, as if nothing had happened - and perhaps nothing significant had, though Ram was not sure. He handed Thutmose a full glass, and sipped his own. The wine was sweet on his tongue, full-bodied and rich.

‘I would like to know their oracle,’ he said, ‘the oracle of athanasia.’

‘What, is it a blessing to you?’

‘But of course,’ said Ram turning his eyes to meet those of the stranger. ‘What else could it be? Who wants to die, to lose everything that is pleasurable? To sacrifice the knowledge you have gained over the years? To become nothing?’

Thutmose's eyes were black, bottomless, to gaze into them was to lose yourself for all eternity. ‘What if you were desperate to free yourself of pain or suffering? What if you wanted to die and couldn't?’

Ram shrugged. ‘It would be worth it.’

‘Yet the aswang has to eat flesh so that he can live. Do you not think that he must feel guilt for such crimes?’

‘We all slay to carry on,’ Ram said.

‘So you think you could stand the remorse?’ asked Thutmose and beckoned with his hand for Ram to sit beside him on the sofa.

‘I should not even feel it,’ said Ram, his eyes shining with an inner certainty which was almost a madness.

‘How can you be sure - ?’ Thutmose put his hand on Ram's thigh but the young man scarcely felt it, so involved was he in his obsessive enthusiasm.

Ram persisted. ‘God must have his own bourn.’

His hand travelled gently up towards Ram’s fork over the soft material of his trousers and now Ram did notice but scarcely cared. In fact the touch was exciting, arousing and, though he had never been touched by a man that way before, he did not find it in the slightest way perverse.

‘Who cares,’ he cried wildly. ‘I would be one of them, if I could. I would become one.’

The hand, that foreign hand, that hand with its pale almost bloodless skin, its delicate narrow fingers, grasped his, felt the softness of his, quickly becoming hard. Then Thutmose unfastened the belt around the young man's waist, opened the button at the top, drew down the zip exposing the underwear and a bulge that already was larger than it had been moments before.

‘Would you allow one into you?’ went over Thutmose, taking hold of his through its soft cotton covering. ‘Would you consent to his hunger to fulfil timelessness?’

But the young man was too far gone even to answer and arched his body upwards towards the stranger's mouth as it fastened itself on his covered member, teasing it softly through the cloth, and the wetness of his tongue soaking the material so that it became translucent.

Ram cried out, a wild cry that had no words. The touch of the man's body pressed against his was inexpressibly exciting, the movements, the caresses but Ram had the feeling that it was a polished performance honed from much practice. Nevertheless, his body could do nothing but respond. Proficient fingers undid the buttons on his shirt, gently stroking and embracing his chest, gradually going lower, removing his clothes seductively, the shirt, shoes, socks, stripping the jeans, the Bench briefs in multiple fabrics with Pucci-inspired patterns until Ram lay completely naked and exposed.

His skin smelling of Cool Water lotion was almost shimmering against the red material of the sofa cover. His legs were slightly apart, his body open and vulnerable, his head laid back exposing his neck, everything to be had.

Thutmose stripped and lay on top of him. Ram could feel the man's skin touching his, voluptuous and sensual. They were chest to chest, groin to groin, and he lay under the weight of him. Ram felt an equal answering urgency.

Thutmose slid slowly down his body, kissing, tasting, rubbing, stroking - lingering for a time under his chin where the soft suppleness of his throat offered itself, and then going - perhaps a little reluctantly - further down, lower, pausing to take care of Ram’s nipples, his belly button, the trace of black hair which led downwards before spreading into his bush of pubic hair, from which his sprouted. His tongue tasted under his, along the trail which led to his hole. Slowly Ram spread his legs apart but was unable to stop the momentary, unthinking twitch of resistance as the tongue touched the sensitive place. Thutmose looked up and saw the look of worry on Ram’s face.

‘Do you want me to? You have to give me your acquiescence. I don’t take someone against his spirit.’

Ram had a passing doubt, for a second wasn't sure that this was what he wanted but almost as if they had a separate life of their own, his legs opened and he surrendered himself. Thutmose put his hands under Ram's buttocks and lifting them a little, dived into the sweet, musky darkness. At the first touch of his tongue, Ram tensed again, but suddenly was overcome by a tantalizing delight such as he had never felt before. He lay there on the sofa and enjoyed the feeling that Thutmose's balmy tongue produced, gliding over his hole, now with fast, brief cat licks, then slowing down, butterfly-light, each touch something different, each contact provoking a different sensation. Ram felt himself fast approaching a cap sheaf.

Thutmose's mouth was now nuzzling at the base of his prick and Ram felt a moistened finger gliding into his hole. It slid in without any pain or resistance. He could feel it inside him, probing and investigating, finding the very centre of his sexual being which made him groan and desire that he be invaded even further. Slowly and languorously, Thutmose washed the length of his with his tongue and licked away the oozing excitement from the top.

‘You want me to continue, don't you?’ Thutmose purred, the sounds felt through the closeness of their mouths rather than heard. ‘You want me to go all the way?’

‘Don't cool it!’

Thutmose inserted two fingers into his hole, stretching the muscle and watched the face of the young man underneath him. He gently enlarged the opening, caressing his in the palm of his other hand.

Ram knew what he wanted. ‘Come into me,’ he purred. ‘Come into me.’

But as he felt his legs lifted and sensed the urgent head of Thutmose's pushing strongly against his opening, he tensed again.

Thutmose leaned over his body so that his breath whispered into his ear. ‘Cool off your muscles. Just cool off. Cool off.’ Ram stared into the cavernous hollows of Thutmose's dark, almost black eyes which gave away nothing - with the exception of his lust. The words and the tone were rhythmic. Ram felt a growing heaviness at the entrance to his fanny and then suddenly his was past the sphincter muscle and inside him. There was a mounting fullness, a slow access. His body swallowed the intruder. At last Thutmose stopped. He was inside Ram as far as he could wend.

Ram panted. ‘Tell me who you really are, Thutmose? What are you doing to me?’

‘It is me that you have always desired.’ He bent over to glance him on the neck, and at the same time he began to move his hips slowly in and out. Long, smooth strokes which pushed both men up on a perfect ascension. They lost almost all feeling of time, of place, of sound, of vision, of the external world. The only thing Ram could feel was how the muscles of his own languid clamped around the invading his holding it as every stroke was made and the tiny rasps of Thutmose's ivories on his scruff. He heard, as if from a far distance, the loud gasping breaths of two voices and knew one of them had to be his own. The stroke boosted, his sliding without restraint in and out, increasing the pace, the sensation, building the stimulation until the point of no return.

At that very point Thutmose bit and his sharp ivories sank into the tender flesh of the scruff while at the same time his shaft pushed to its full extent, deep into the compliant hole. Any tingle that Ram felt as the needle-sharp ivories pierced his skin was subsumed into the ecstasy as with a cry Thutmose exploded and Ram felt the spurts inside him.

At one fell swoop, he himself came, his pulsating, the particle shooting high over his own chest and stomach and while Ram's blood drained, he was filled by Thutmose's juices. Sweat and red fluid and particle mixed and Thutmose bestowed his present.

Afterward Thutmose stashed his face in the hollow of Ram's shoulder, panting. Both lay and listened to each other's heartbeats steadily slowing and becoming regular. At last Thutmose lifted his body and let his slip out. Ram gasped at the sudden feeling of emptiness. He raised his head, their lips met and he tasted his own red fluid. All of a sudden he realized that red fluid was something which he would now need for his very existence. Frightened, he pulled Thutmose to him, held him close, fondled his chest, defined with the tips of his fingers the contours of Thutmose's body.

‘Is that it?’ he went over. ‘Your bequest?’ and heard the soft answer, whispered against his ear.

‘You have got the timelessness, Ram.’

Ram looked up and nodded.

‘The same pang of conscience as mine,’ a roar Ram couldn't identify from where - perhaps, from the sky or just about the corner.

The door opened.

Plazoleta Gay was as quiet as a mouse. Then petrifying claps of thunder came as a humungous black horse coming from the house took wing hounding the shadows. Then slowly a noisy crowd got nearer and Ram was walking amongst them.

Saturday, 26 March 2011

Savour Every Mouthful of Kim's Bob in Robinsons Place's Paseo Iloilo















Food is prepared at your table
Lunch and dinner are popular
Create your own experience














Kim's Bob has many fine offerings for delectable Korean cuisine.

















Who could resist the various sensory pleasures of Korean barbecue: the spicy, salty flavours, and the mixture of textures and temperatures (crisp lettuce juxtaposed with succulent grilled meat), not to mention the hands-on fun of going through a pile of lettuce leaves, wrapping your own individual little barbecue sandwiches and popping them into your mouth.

With its modest appearance from the outside, this restaurant is easily overlooked. But as you walk past this restaurant on a busy afternoon and inhale the aroma of beef and pork, you will not want to miss out on the excitement within its walls. The interior decor significantly enhances the cultural and the culinary experience. Their menu is quite extensive and offers many varieties of food, many varieties of meat, and dinner specials which are hearty and filling while being light on the wallet. With their generous offerings in both variety and quantity, Kim's Bob is definitely worth a visit.





Ring (033) 3377950.  They are in for a treat both visually and gastronomically.

And finally, don't worry if you don't like spicy food. Kim's Bob has been in business a long time, and they understand the Filipino palate. They'll make the dishes spicy if you ask, but leave them mild if you prefer. 

Kim's Bob (Korean restaurant)
Robinsons Place Iloilo
Paseo Iloilo
J De Leon Street
Roxas Village
Iloilo City

Cuisine type: Korean
Reservations: Not required
Diet choices: Many vegetarian and vegan options


Saturday, 19 March 2011

This Bird

a poem by Roger B Rueda

doesn’t
chirrup,
chirp,
twitter,
or tweet,
or
ruffle
its feathers.

It's not
everything
I'd ever
want
in a pet –
bright,
funny
and
attractive.

It
faces
me
bravely
the way
I
fight
other birds
to the death.

I
think
I need
a rag doll.

I'm going to
doll
myself up
and
show
it off
to all
bird lovers
as they love
dolls
in the dark
more than
their pet birds.

I want
to see
a bird
fight with
my doll
this time.

Wednesday, 16 March 2011

On Jose Rizal’s ‘An Eagle Flight’

an essay by Roger B Rueda

Juan Crisostomo Ibarra, a young Filipino chap, having graduated and lived in Europe for seven years, returned to the Philippines. Don Santiago de los Santos, a family friend also called Captain Tiago, threw a party for his honour, which was graced with the presence of friars and other well-known figures - Doña Victorina, Padre Sibyla, and ex- San Diego curate Fray Damaso Vardolagas, who derided and insulted Ibarra. Ibarra gave the cold shoulder to the insults, took no offense at what he said about him, and, relatively, excused himself warmly and left the gathering by reason of a supposedly important undertaking.

Ibarra, the day after, called round for Maria Clara, his fiancee, the pretty daughter of Captain Tiago and well-to-do resident of Binondo, Manila. Their ongoing love was undoubtedly manifested in that meeting, and Maria Clara couldn’t help but look back over the letters her dearest had put pen to paper for her before he left for Europe. Prior to Ibarra’s leaving for San Diego, Lieutenant Guevara, a gendarmerie, revealed to him the incidents preceding the demise of his father, Don Rafael Ibarra, a wealthy landowner of the town.

As said by Guevara, Don Rafael was one-sidedly accused of being a heretic, other than being a docile - a claim brought forth by Damaso on account of Don Rafael's abstention in the Sacraments, for instance confession and mass. Damaso's enmity against Ibarra's father is made worse by another incident when Don Rafael helped out on a clash between a tax collector and a child fighting, and the former's death was blamed on him, though it was not intentional. Out of the blue, all of those who thought ill of him went up with further objections. He was incarcerated, and just when the matter was almost straightened out, he died of bad health in prison. Still not pleased with what he had done, Damaso arranged for Don Rafael's dead body to be dug up from the Catholic church and brought to a Chinese graveyard, because he thought it wrong to consent to a heretic a Catholic burial ground. Sorry to say, it was raining and because of the niggling heaviness of the body, the undertakers decided to lob the corpse into a hard by mere.

Settling of scores was not in Ibarra's plans, but rather he wanted to carry through his father's plan of raising a school as he believed that education would pave the way to his country's advancement (all over the novel the author refers to both Spain and the Philippines like chalk and cheese, which form part of a same nation or family, being Spain the mother and the Philippines the daughter). Throughout the inaugural ceremony of the school, Ibarra would have been killed in a disruption had Elias - a mystifying man who had warned Ibarra earlier of a plot to kill him in cold blood - not saved him. Instead the hired killer met an untoward incident and died. The series of events proved to be too hurtful for Maria Clara who got badly ill but was coincidentally cured by the medicine Ibarra sent.

After the launching, Ibarra hosted a luncheon during which Damaso, arriving uninvited at the luncheon, again insulted him. Ibarra closed his eyes to the priest's disrespect, but when the latter disparaged the recollection of his dead father, he was no longer able to bring himself under control and sprang at Damaso, prepared to stab him for his impudence. In consequence, Damaso excommunicated Ibarra, taking this opportunity to convince the already-hesitant Tiago to forbid his daughter from getting married to Ibarra. The friar wished Maria Clara to get hitched to Linares, a Peninsular who had just arrived from Spain.

With the help of the governor-general, Ibarra's excommunication was reversed and the archbishop came to a decision to accept him as a member of the Church anew. But, as fate would have it, some incident of which Ibarra had known nothing about was blamed on him, and he was mistakenly arrested and imprisoned. The indictment against him was then taken  precedence because during the proceedings that followed, nobody could bear witness that he was indeed involved. Alas, his letter to Maria Clara in some way got into the hands of the judges and was manipulated such that it then became substantiation against him by the parish priest, Fray Salvi. With Machiavellian precision, Salvi framed Ibarra and ruined his life just so he could stop him from marrying María Clara and making the latter his concubine.

In the interim, in Capitan Tiago's residence, a party was being held to proclaim the upcoming marriage of Maria Clara and Linares. Ibarra, with the help of Elías, took this chance to break out from prison. Before leaving, Ibarra spoke to Maria Clara and accused her of being disloyal to him, thinking that she gave the letter he wrote her to the jury. Maria Clara made clear that she would never work against him, but that she was compelled to submit Ibarra's letter to Father Salvi, in exchange for the letters written by her mother even before she, Maria Clara, was born. The letters were from her mother, Pia Alba, to Damaso alluding to their unborn child; and that María Clara was thus not Captain Tiago's natural daughter, but Damaso's.

Later, Ibarra and Elias ran away by boat. Elias instructed Ibarra to recline, covering him with grass to put his being there out of sight. As luck would have it, they were spotted by their enemies. Elias, thinking he could outmanoeuvre them, jumped into the water. The sentinels rained shots on him, all the while not knowing that they were aiming at the wrong man.

Maria Clara, thinking that Ibarra had been killed in the shooting incident, was, to a great extent, overcome with angst. Robbed of hope and severely disheartened, she requested Damaso to confine her into a nunnery. Damaso half-heartedly agreed when she threatened to take her own life, demanding, ‘the nunnery or death!’ Unbeknown to her, Ibarra was still alive and able to get away. It was Elias who had taken the gunshots.

On the eve of Christmas, Elias roused in the jungle seriously injured, as it is here where he instructed Ibarra to meet him. Elias, instead, found the altar boy Basilio holding his already-dead mother, Sisa. The latter lost her mind when she learned that her two sons, Crispin and Basilio, were chased out of the convent by the sexton on suspicions of stealing sacred objects. Well, it was the sexton who took the objects and only pinned the blame on the two boys. The said sexton actually slew Crispin while cross-examining him on the supposed site of the sacred objects. It was understood that the body was never found and the incident was hidden by Salví.

Elias, won over that he would die shortly, instructed Basilio to build a funeral pyre and burn his and Sisa's bodies to ashes. He told Basilio that, if no one reached the place, he would come back later on and dig for he would stumble on gold. He also let him (Basilio) know to take the gold he would find and go to school. In his dying gasp, he instructed Basilio to keep on dreaming about freedom for his motherland with the words: ‘I shall die without seeing the dawn break upon my homeland. You, who shall see it, salute it! Do not forget those who have fallen during the night.’ He passed on then.

It was put in plain words, in the epilogue, that Tiago turned out to be hooked on opium and was seen to frequent the opium house in Binondo to slake his dependence. Maria Clara became a nun where Salvi, who has lusted over her from the opening of the book, recurrently used her to fulfil his lust. One tempestuous late afternoon, a fine-looking fanatical woman was spotted at the top of the convent, shedding tears and cursing the heavens for the lot in life it has given her. Even as the woman was never known, it is put it to the readers that the said woman was Maria Clara.

The novel was a call to the affirmation of nationalised distinctiveness and the fight for parity with the vanquishers. With its presentation and examination of Spanish oppressions, it emphasised the need for transformation.

Finished when he was all of twenty-six, ‘An Eagle Flight’ was Rizal's earliest novel. He had already written essays and poems with patriotic topics up to that time.

Jose Rizal was laid blame on of being a revolutionary caused by the general idea of his book, which in a while stimulated revolutionaries in their cause.

Sunday, 13 March 2011

On Philippines Education

an essay by Roger B Rueda

Philippines education sucks. I don't know, our government doesn’t place great importance on education. This, in consequence, is no negligible issue. Equality rests or collapses with us and our habits of mind, and education produces habits of mentality. We, even so, are seeing deep-seated changes equally in pedagogy and curricular content, and these changes have not been well thought throughout. Keen for cost-effective intensification, this nation, like many others, has begun to think of education in barely instrumental terms, as a set of practical skills that can create quick-fix turnover for business (of other countries, perhaps). What is getting misplaced in the cutthroat outbreak is the opportunity of social equality.

We, as citizens, need to tend the ability to pass judgement on practice and authority, to keep examining self and other, to accept no talking or suggestion until we have tested it with our very own way of thinking. We have a disquieting capability to defer to authority and to peer pressure. Social equality can’t go on if we don’t limit these baneful tendencies, cultivating habits of intrusive and critical thought.

We also could do with historical knowledge, the basics of the major world religions, and how the global economy works. We need to learn to weigh up evidence, to think for ourselves about the unusual ways in which it can be put together, and brought to bear on current reality.

The humanities, the arts, and even history are being cut away to make room for profit-making skills (or merely profit-making by schools). When such changes are made, business itself suffers, because healthy business cultures necessitate ingenuity and critical thinking, as leading business educationists have long stressed. Even were this not factual, however, the liberal arts are essential for the sort of government we have chosen and for the sort of the Philippines we have long sought to be.

The role of education is extensively understood to be essential in our society for both the encroachment of the nation over and above the enhancement of individual life. The power that results from learning provides people with the ability to do well physically, rationally, and psychologically, and contribute their resources to the betterment of their environment. The fact that a person who has worked hard at his or her education will be offered countless opportunities for his or her future is something that no one can contest in our culture, because it is based on a philosophy that has fueled the growth of our country. But it seems that only a small number are working hard.

The Philippines has need of public education in the hope that everyone would be offered an equal opportunity to realise this dream and to pursue a life full of goings-on and dispensation. Yet, when it comes down to it, this presumption has failed to provide each student with the same opportunity to accomplish his or her goal and instead has only fostered isolation, bigotry, and mass disproportion.

The biggest problem in our public educational system is the relentless lack of financial support and the gross inequalities that are present amongst schools. While many children of middle and upper class neighbourhoods are given the material and intellectual resources that will allow them to get hold of high social standing, solid employment, and wealth, many other children are denied this dispensation because of their economic background and location. Observably within almost any society there are going to be varying levels of material goods and power, but it seems that in the Philippines, the dissimilarity between rich and poor is greatly puffed up. How is it that low-income populace are not being offered the same resources as superior class citizens? It is this lack of fiscal resources in poor neighbourhoods that is the foundation of all the other problems found in the individual district schools. Unproductive and inexpert teachers, textbooks, lab instruments, and general supply insufficiency, and inapt building conditions all stem from the fact that there is not enough money being put into such institutions. However, because of both societies’ approach towards the low-income class and personal greed, this fiscal disproportion is not going to change; political power, and public unresponsiveness also contribute to the overall lack of knowledge of the problem.

The educational system is an institution that is not only an integral piece of our social structure but also is responsible for teaching children the fundamental learning tools, simple values, and social skills that are essential for continued existence in our culture. The facility to read, write, solve problems, and understand numbers is essential for almost any job, and knowing how to interact with others in a social context or in the workplace and respect authority (as in a employer-employee bond) is vital if one intends to work or even live in our world nowadays, and these are all things that are taught in school, through positive student-teacher interactions and class coursework. The perspective on how a society stays together is based on the idea of a set of agreed upon norms, beliefs, values, and expectations of appropriate behaviour that is to be internalised by each individual. Consequently, if education serves the purpose of instilling this harmony, when all the public school students are not held to the same set of standards, there is going to be a mainstream of the population that will not be capable to fulfil a task in our society, and thus accordingly will become a strain on the other parts of society as a whole. A malfunction of one part of society that interferes with the smooth functioning of the whole, is a social problem, and then, the movement towards testing and answerability is trying to lighten the pressure that our current system has upon institutions like the economy and family structure. 

The biggest problem, in terms of what the primary issue in education is today is the lack of funding that occurs in schools all over the country, as well as the fact that the massive disparity, so clearly perceptible within our system, receives such little attention from the public and accordingly remains up in the air. Reading about the wretched building conditions, the lack of proper educational resources, and the inefficiency of the teachers was to me such an unknown and sickening impression, because I have led a life full of unbinding freedom; that these kind of situations and circumstances exist in such alarming numbers is, in my opinion, totally undesirable and immensely duplicitous of our country. It would not take much money from each individual to restore schools and perhaps even whole neighbourhoods; and the fact that personal greed plays such a huge role in the withholding of monetary support is disgusting of us as humans. The fact that in the Philippines, there are children crammed into decrepit classrooms with uninspiring teachers, no books, no hope for a better future, and little solace from the harsh realities of life is a self-mockery.

On university education, our government is handing over millions of pesos to incompetent professors in state universities. Incompetent university professors are good for nothing. The Philippines has no framework of higher education that can match up to the rest of the world. The universities are a quagmire of despotic professors. The PhDs can not function in the real world. There is no standard of research in the country in hard sciences or social sciences. Knowledge is passed by rote and memorisation in a continual loop from teacher to student to teacher. Teachers do not undertake or tolerate critical thinking. Any old place can slap a university sign on the door and become an accredited institution to meet the criteria for government financial backing.

I think our educationists and politicians should require all graduate applicants to take the GRE, set up tenure review and administrative review, push student unions on campus, strengthen cultural and social discourse and, most beguilingly, exert a pull on Filipino teachers.

Our education should give us a sense of place, instil in us much self-confidence and self-worth, and give us the power to do something good with our life. Does it? The notion that there are thousands of students just that are being shorn of this opportunity because of either their economic status is nauseatingly inequitable in my eyes. I sense that the more pressing issue lies in the already present dreadful circumstances in which a lot of poor students are being taught, especially because it is a problem much easier to tackle and would have such discernible and perceptible results. It is unmistakable that with apposite fiscal organisation and support that this problem of inequity could be easily solved, and would in turn help assuage the burdens of many other issues that come to pass within hard-up neighbourhoods about the country. Teenage pregnancy, drug use, and other problems still would turn into many families all but dysfunctional. The family, though, differs from the school in the considerable respect that government is not conscientious, at least not directly, for the inequalities of family background. It is responsible for inequalities in education. Schools, on the other hand, could make striking changes almost overnight if fiscal equity was a reality. I blame our government for not taking the fitting actions to resolve the situation. It cannot be disregarded that in each social system there are going to be people better off than others, but it is the job of each citizen and each elected official to make certain that every single person is in any case given the prospect by any means possible to make it.