Hiligaynon also has the process by which some sets of nouns, adjectives, and verbs vary in form to show aspect, number, or grammatical case. Hiligaynon verb groups show whether an activity is continuing, is passive, is repeated, is completed, is standing, or is upcoming by the use of affixes, letters or groups of letters, which are added to either the beginning or the end of a word to form a different word with a different meaning.
For instance, we use the prefix nag- to stand for the past tense active (transitive and intransitive), e.g. ‘Nagbakál siá sing bayò’ (He bought a dress). ‘Nagsulát siá sing sugilámbong’ (He wrote a short essay.) ‘Sínö ang nagbúhat sinâ?’ (Who did it?/ Who has done it?) ‘Nagdálum ang búhò’ (The hole has become deep.) ‘Nagláin ang íya ginháwa’ (She (has) swooned/ She did not feel well.) ‘Naghalín na siá’ (He has gone away).
We use gin- to denote the past passive or (gina- for perfect passive), e.g. silíng (to say). Ginsilíng (ginasilíng) níya nga - (It has been (is being) said by him that-).
In ‘Nagbakál siá sing bayò’ the emphasis is the subject ‘siá.’ In ‘Ginbakál ko ang bayò’ (The dress was brought by me), the emphasis is the direct object. The emphasis is the indirect object in ‘Ginbáklan ko sia sing bayò’(She was brought a dress by me). The last two sentences indicate that the apparent subjects of the verbs are the person/thing undergoing, not performing, the action of the verb.
We use the suffix –an when the person/thing for whose advantage, or to whose detriment, an action (expressed by the root) is performed, e.g. Ginbuhátan níya akó sing asálan. He made a roasting spit for me. ‘Indì mo siá paghimóan sing maláin’ (Don’t harm him).
In ‘Bákli ako sing bayò,’ –i is used here for the passive impersonal imperative. It can also be used in the passive negative present, and in the passive negatived past of verbs having a passive. (Patindogí (walâ níya pagapatindogí, walâ níya pagpatindogí) sing baláy iníng lugár. Build (he is not building, has not built) a house on this spot.) It describes the mood or a form of a verb that expresses a command or request. Here, the focus is the indirect object.
In the passive impersonal imperative, we use the suffix -a. Bak(a)lá iní (Buy this). Higugmaá kag tahúda ang ímo ginikánan (Love and respect your parents). Here, the focus is the direct object.
Generally speaking the future passive in -on is used with verbs that denote a direct action on an object, an action that produces some change on, or modifies, the object, e.g. Báklon ko ináng bayò. (I am going to buy that dress.) Other examples are búhat (to make), hímò (to do), hímos (to prepare, get ready), dágdag (to drop, let fall), hákwat (to lift up), útud (to sever), bíal (to split), gulút (to cut), támpà (to slap), súmbag (to box), gísì (to tear), and tábug (to drive away).
Evidently, the continuous is expressed by using the prefixes naga- and gina-: ‘Nagabakál siá sing bayò,’ ‘Ginabakál ko ang bayò,’ and ‘Ginabáklan ko sia sing bayò.’
We use maga- to denote the active future, e.g. Buás magabakál siá sing bayò (Tomorrow he will buy a dress.) Karón sa hápon magaabút gíkan sa Quézon City ang akon amáy. This afternoon my father will arrive from Quezon City. ‘Kon bayáan mo dirâ sa ínit ang bíno tínto magaáslum’ (If you leave the red wine there in the heat of the sun, it will go sour).
In expressing the idea of the means by which - , the instrument with which -, a thing is done, e.g. búhat (to make), we use the prefix i-: ‘Ibúhat iníng káhoy sang ákon baláy’ (Make use of this wood for building my house). ‘Iníng kalímän ka mángmang ibakál mo sing bágö nga kálò’ (Buy a new hat with these fifty pesos).
If you have any queries about Hiligaynon grammar, ring or message me on 09068541933 or email me at inkslinger215@live.com.
No comments:
Post a Comment